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Europe had fallen into a deep slumber beneath the shelter of an umbrella—a security guarantee provided by others. While the world fractured into unprecedented conflicts, Europe enjoyed a hard-won peace, purring contentedly as a unified, pacified market. Nothing proves more perilous than such complacent pacifism. No entity faces greater danger than a vast liberal democracy that promises only itself, recognizes no enemies, depends upon its neighbors for freedom, and whose sole preoccupation becomes being perceived as tyrannical by bored citizens. In Europe, absent the necessity of self-defense, absent any adversary, our liberties have begun to atrophy and decay.

Lithium, tantalum, niobium, zirconium… These minerals whose names we can barely pronounce have become indispensable for our industries—automotive and electronics—but also for our energy transition. We need them for everything: our batteries, our smartphones, our electric vehicles, and our solar panels.

A figure of the antisemitic "alt-right," this influencer is thriving on social networks thanks to hateful and misogynistic rhetoric. Idolized by vengeful youth, he advocates for a white, Christian America. Enough to make Trump look like a moderate.

It is acknowledged by many that the year 1887 was the high point of Paul Verlaine's suffering. It served as a turning point, symbolising the lowest of lows; the remaining years of his life were undoubtedly marked by crises, alcoholism, hospitalisation and financial difficulties. Nevertheless, the competing attentions of his two closest confidants, Eugènie Krantz and Philomène Boudin, the occasional help of last-resort sponsors, and his belated recognition as a ‘the prince of poets' by the young bohemian community ensured that he would not sink into the same depths of poverty and hopelessness that he had experienced during that tumultuous year.

Philosophy and poetry share a unique relationship, as they both aim to understand the essence of reality, human experience, and existence. Philosophy is dedicated to rigorous reasoning and discerning examination, while poetry uses language to express emotions, thoughts, and experiences. Both disciplines aim to shed light on the complexities of human existence through their shared focus on thought as an invaluable tool for exploration and enlightenment. Poetry uses metaphors, similes, and vivid imagery to convey abstract ideas, captivating the senses and evoking intricate emotional and intellectual responses. Philosophers, on the other hand, meticulously construct coherent arguments that elucidate the fundamental nature of reality and the human condition. The profound relationship between philosophy and poetry is deeply rooted in their shared emphasis on thought as an invaluable tool for exploration and enlightenment.

Novalis, whose real name was Friedrich von Hardenberg, lived during the period of the Enlightenment, approximately 30 years after its commencement. He was born on May 2, 1772, in Oberwiederstedt, a town located in central Germany. Coming from a long-established aristocratic family, the Hardenberg's, his father held the position of estate manager, responsible for overseeing various family properties in the area. Unfortunately, Novalis lost his mother at a young age, just a year after his birth in 1772. His father went on to remarry in 1775, resulting in the birth of several half-siblings for Novalis. Despite this loss, Novalis's childhood was marked by happiness. Growing up surrounded by a large extended family consisting of aunts, uncles, and cousins, residing in different magnificent houses and estates across the rural German countryside, he enjoyed countless hours of play and adventure in the woods and fields. In addition to his joyful experiences, Novalis was raised in an environment rich in religion and pietism.

Altruism, the philosophical concept of selfless concern and action for the well-being of others, has long captivated the minds of philosophers throughout history. This essay delves into the intricate nature of altruism and its philosophical implications at the doctoral level. Drawing from various philosophical perspectives, this exploration will shed light on the motivations, limitations, and implications of altruistic behaviour. By examining different philosophical frameworks, we can unravel the complexities of altruism and develop a deeper understanding of its significance in our lives and society.

Fighting against Islamism presents a daunting challenge, not only due to the inherent danger involved. The most difficult aspect lies in maintaining composure in the face of those who align themselves with this physical and totalitarian threat, capable of anything – even resorting to deceit in order to portray themselves as victims while jeopardising your safety. A prime example of this is when they label you as "Islamophobic".